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Shown below are the definitions for: A
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A4A Symbol for standard metric "cut-size" paper that is nominally 20 x 30 cm or exactly 2 10 x 297 mm; used as the European (and other parts of the world) standard in place of 8 1/1 x 11 inches; is an ISO standard.
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absorption 1) In paper, the property that causes it to take up liquids or vapors in contact with it; also, absorbency. 2) In optics, the partial absorption of light as it passes through a transparent or translucent material.
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acid free See "alkaline sizing".
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acid sizing See "alum".
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additive primary colors See "primary colors".
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AFPA Abbreviation for American Forest and Paper Association. an industry association of forest products and paper manufacturing companies. (In 1993, the former API became a part of this organization
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air dryer See "tunnel dryer".
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alkaline sizing Also called neutral or acid free sizing. Synthetic resins are added to the furnish of the paper machine to impart water resistance to paper; unlike the acid sizing system, alkaline sizing does not use high concentrations of alum to set the size; common internal synthetic sizing materials are abbreviated as AKD (for Alkyl Ketene Dimer) or ASA (for Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride). An advantage of alkaline sizing is better "permanence" (archival properties).
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alkyd resin See "drying oils"; synthetic drying oils made by chemical reaction of various organic acids.
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alum This is aluminum sulfate, used for "setting" internal rosin size, to impart water resistance to paper; the alum-rosin size system is " acid" sizing, and the alum is what imparts the acid character to the sheet of paper. Alum can also be used as a release agent on the paper machine to prevent wet webs from sticking to turning rolls or as a minor additive for alkaline sizing, imparting no pH change.
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angle bars See "turning bars".
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ANSI Abbreviation for "American National Standards Institute, Inc.", which develops and publishes standards as the U.S. representative to international standards organizations.
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anti-offset spray In printing, a material (usually dry starch particles) sprayed on to the wet ink film surface to prevent set-off.
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antioxidants Agents which retard the action of oxygen in drying oils (chemical drying), and other substances subject to oxidation.
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antique finish A very rough uncoated paper finish, obtained on the paper machine with little wet pressing or machine calendering; can also serve as a prefix to other finishes, implying a rougher than usual finish, such as "antiquevellum".
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antiskinning agents Materials which retard the skin formation on the surface of a drying oil or printing ink; as an example, skin formation can develop when a can of oil based paint is left open, with a resultant drying on the surface and liquid paint still below the "skin".
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API See "AFPA".
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archival See "permanence".
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art work Original materials, including the illustrations, lettering, charts, color blocks, etc. which are to be reproduced in a printed piece.
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ash The inorganic pigment (mineral) residue after complete combustion (burning off) the organics (cellulose fiber for example) from a sheet of paper; used as a test to determine the filler content of the paper.
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ASTM Abbreviation for "American Society for Testing and Materials" which develops and publishes consensus standards, in many fields.
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automatic density control An automatic toning control system where the toner layer deposited on the paper is controlled by the copier/ printer.
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